DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.13.2019.3.1412-1429

скачать PDF

---

Организационная несправедливость и дисциплинарные нарушения в полиции: предсказание организационных нарушений среди сотрудников полиции

---

Цель: изучение влияния организационной несправедливости на нарушение дисциплины сотрудниками правоохранительных органов в Соединенных Штатах Америки.

Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой, социологический.

Результаты: многочисленные исследования подтверждают связь между проявлением справедливости на рабочем месте и производительностью труда. В данной работе организационная справедливость рассматривается как теоретическая основа для предсказания нарушений дисциплины сотрудниками полиции. В частности, исследовались реакции сотрудников полиции на действия, воспринимаемые как несправедливые, и выявлялась связь между восприятием общего уровня несправедливости и каждой из трех форм дисциплинарных нарушений: 1) использование норм и правил учреждения против руководства, 2) намеренный подрыв установок руководства и 3) невыполнение принятых норм и процедур. Сбор данных осуществлялся нерепрезентативной выборкой через Интернет посредством самоотчетов штатных полицейских – членов ассоциации офицеров полиции в одном из южных штатов.

 

Научная новизна: в работе впервые проанализировано влияние организационной несправедливости на нарушение дисциплины сотрудниками полиции. При анализе использовались методы многочленной логистической регрессии, исходя из предположения, что восприятие обстановки на рабочем месте как в целом несправедливой приводит к проявлению форм дисциплинарных нарушений: 1) использование норм и правил учреждения против руководства, 2) намеренный подрыв установок руководства и 3) невыполнение принятых норм и процедур.

Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении и изучении вопросов, связанных с влиянием организационной несправедливости на нарушение дисциплины сотрудниками полиции.

Ключевые слова :

организационная честность; организационная справедливость; организационная несправедливость; дисциплина; нарушение дисциплины; правоохранительные органы; полиция; сотрудники полиции; контрпродуктивность; рабочее место

Cписок литературы :

1. Cropanzano R., Bowen D. E., Gilliland S. W. The management of organizational justice, The Academy of Management Perspectives, 2007, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 34–48.

2. Colquitt J. A., Greenberg J., Zapata-Phelan C. P. What is organizational justice? A historical overview, In Greenberg J., Colquitt J. A. Handbook of organizational justice, Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum 2005, pp. 3–58.

3. Berry C. M., Ones D. S., Sackett P. R. Interpersonal deviance, organizational deviance, and their common correlates: A review and meta-analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 410–424.

4. Cohen-Charash Y., Spector P. E. The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2001, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 278–321.

5. Colquitt J. A., Conlon D. E., Wesson M. J., Porter C. O., Ng K. Y. Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 425.

 

6. Colquitt J. A., Scott B. A., Rodell J. B., Long D. M., Zapata C. P., Conlon D. E., Wesson M. J. Justice at the millennium, a decade later: A meta-analytic test of social exchange and affect-based perspectives, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2013, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 199–236.

7. Ambrose M. L., Seabright M. A., Schminke M. Sabotage in the workplace: The role of organizational injustice, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2002, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 947–965.

8. Mitchell M. S., Ambrose M. L. Abusive supervision and workplace deviance and the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, Vol. 92, No. 4, pp. 1159.

9. Skarlicki D. P., Folger R. Retaliation in the workplace: The role of distributive, Procedural, and interactional justice, Journal of Applied Psychology, 1997, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 434–443.

10. Hershcovis M. S., Turner N., Barling J., Arnold K. A., Dupre K. E., Inness M., Sivanathan N. Predicting workplace aggression: A meta-analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007, Vol. 92, pp. 228–238.

11. Spector P. E., Fox S. The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior, In Spector P. E., Fox S. Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets, Washington, DC, American, 2005, pp. 151–174.

12. Spector P. E., Fox S., Penney L. M., Bruursema K., Goh A., Kessler S. The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal?, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2006, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 446–460.

13. Robinson S. L., Bennett R. J. A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multi-dimensional scaling study, Academy of Management Journal, 1995, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 555–572.

14. Bennett R. J., Robinson S. L. Development of a measure of workplace deviance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 349–360.

15. Holtz B. C., Harold C. M. Effects of leadership consideration and structure in employee perceptions of justice and counterproductive work behavior, Journal of Organizational Management, 2013, Vol. 34, pp. 492–519.

16. Vardi Y., Weitz E. Misbehavior in organizations, Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum, 2004.

17. Barker T., Carter D. L. (Eds.). Police deviance, 3rd ed., Anderson, Cincinnati, Anderson, 1994.

18. Bishopp S. A., Worrall J., Piquero N. L. General strain and police misconduct: The role of organizational influence, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2016, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 635–651.

19. Wolfe S. E., Piquero A. R. Organizational justice and police misconduct, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2011, Vol. 38, pp. 332–353.

20. Dean G., Bell P., Lauchs M. Conceptual framework for managing knowledge of police deviance, Policing & Society, 2010, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 204–222.

21. Punch M. Police corruption and its prevention, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 2000, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 301–324.

22. Chanin J. M. Examining the sustainability of pattern or practice police misconduct reform, Police Quarterly, 2015, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 163–192.

23. Donner C., Maskaly J., Fridell L., Jennings W. G. Policing and procedural justice: A state-of-the-art review, Policing, 2015, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 153–172.

24. Reynolds P., Hicks J. There is no justice in a police department: A phenomenological study of police experiences, Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 469–484.

25. Eitle S., D’Alessio S. J., Stolzenberg L. The effects of organizational and environmental factors on police misconduct, Police Quarterly, 2014, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 103–126.

26. Shane J. M. Daily work experiences and police performance, Police Practice & Research: An International Journal, 2013, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 17–34.

27. Reynolds P. D., Fitzgerald B. A., Hicks J. The Expendables: A qualitative study of police officers’ responses to organizational injustice, Police Quarterly, 2018, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 3–29.

28. Krischer M. M., Penney L. M., Hunter E. M. Can counterproductive work behaviors be productive? CWB as emotionfocused coping, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2010, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 154–166.

29. Tyler T. R. Why people cooperate: The role of social motivations, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2010.

30. Tyler T. R. Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation, Annual Review of Psychology, 2006, Vol. 57, pp. 375–400.

31. Tyler T. Why people obey the law, Princeton, NJ, Yale University Press, 1990.

32. Mazerolle L., Antrobus E., Bennett S., Tyler T. R. Shaping citizen perceptions of police legitimacy: A randomized field trial of procedural justice, Criminology, 2013, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 33–63.

33. Ambrose M. L., Schminke M. The role of overall justice judgments in organizational justice research: A test of mediation, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 491–500.

 

34. Reynolds P. D., Helfers R. C. Differences in perceptions of organizational fairness based on job characteristics among police officers, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 2017, pp. 1–18.

35. Bradford B., Quinton P., Myhill A., Porter G. Why do ‘the law’ comply? Procedural justice, group identification and officer motivation in police organizations, European Journal of Criminology, 2014, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 110–131.

36. Hass N. E., Van Craen M., Skogan W. G., Fleitas D. M. Explaining officer compliance: The importance of procedural justice and trust inside a police organization, Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2015.

37. Tyler T. R., Callahan E., Frost J. Armed and dangerous: Motivating rule adherence among agents of social control, Law & Society, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 457–492.

38. Carr J. D., Maxwell S. R. Police officers’ perceptions of organizational justice and their trust in the public, Police Practice and Research, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 365–379.

39. Tankebe J., Mesko G. Police self-legitimacy, use of force, and pro-organizational behavior in Slovenia, In Mesko G., Tankebe J. Trust and Legitimacy in Criminal Justice, New York, NY, Springer, 2015, pp. 261–278.

40. Wolfe S. E., Rojek J., Manjarrez V. M., Rojek A. Why does organizational justice matter? Uncertainty management among law enforcement officers, Journal of Criminal Justice, 2018, Vol. 54, pp. 20–29.

41. Oliver W. M. Depolicing: Rhetoric or reality?, Criminal Justice Policy Review, 2017, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 437–461.

42. Kaariainen J., Lintonen T., Laitenen A., Pollock J. The code of silence: Are self-report surveys a viable means for studying police misconducts?, Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 2008, Vol. 9, pp. 86–98.

43. Nix J., Wolfe S. E. Sensitivity to the Ferguson Effect: The role of managerial organizational justice, Journal of Criminal Justice, 2016, Vol. 47, pp. 12–20.

44. Wolfe S. E., Nix J. The alleged “Ferguson Effect” and police willingness to engage in community partnership, Law and Human Behavior, 2016, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 1–10.

45. Mastrofski S. D. Controlling street-level police discretion, The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2004, Vol. 593, No. 1, pp. 100–118.

46. Frydl K., Skogan W. E. Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence, Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2004.

47. Harris C. J., Chierus K., Edson T. C. The prevalence and content of police discipline matrices, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2015, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 788–804.

48. Shane J. M. Police employee disciplinary matrix: An emerging concept, Police Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 62–91.

49. Harris C. J., Worden R. E. The effect of sanctions on police misconduct, Crime & Delinquency, 2014, Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 1258–1288.

50. Hoath D. R., Schneider F. W., Starr M. W. Police job satisfaction as a function of career orientation and position tenure: Implications for selection community policing, Journal of Criminal Justice, 1998, Vol. 26, pp. 337–347.

51. Helfers R. C., Reynolds P. D., Maskály J. Applying social exchange theory to police deviance: Exploring self-protective behaviors among police officers, Criminal Justice Review, 2018, Advance online publication, DOI: 10.1177/0734016818796547

52. Myhill A., Bradford B. Overcoming cop culture? Organizational justice and police officers’ attitudes toward the public, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2013, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 338–356.

53. Trinkner R., Tyler T. R., Goff P. A. Justice from within: The relations between a procedurally just organizational climate and police organizational efficiency, endorsement of democratic policing, and officer well-being, Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2016, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 158.

54. Chappell A. T., Piquero A. R. Applying social learning theory to police misconduct, Deviant Behavior, 2004, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 89–108.

55. Donner C., Jennings W. G. Low self-control and police deviance: Applying Gottfredson and Hirschi’s: General Theory to officer misconduct, Police Quarterly, 2014, Vol. 17, pp. 203–225.

56. Swatt M., Gibson C., Piquero N. Exploring the utility of general strain theory in explaining problematic alcohol consumption by police officers, Journal of Criminal Justice, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 596–611.

57. Bradford B., Quinton P. Self-legitimacy, police culture and support for democratic policing in an English constabulary, British Journal of Criminology, 2014, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1023–1046.

58. Gordon R. D. Dispersed leadership: Exploring the impact of antecedent forms of power using a communicative framework, Management Communication Quarterly, 2010, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 260–287.

59. Tourangeau R., Conrad F. G., Couper M. P. The science of web surveys, Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 2013.

60. Nix J., Pickett J. T., Baek H., Alpert G. P. Police research, officer surveys, and response rates, Policing and Society, 2017, pp. 1–21. DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2017.1394300

61. Falcone D. N., Wells L. E., Weisheit R. A. The small-town police department, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2002, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 371–384.

 

62. DeVellis R. F. Scale development: Theory and applications, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, 2017.

63. Bradburn N., Sudman S., Wansink B. Asking questions: The definitive guide to questionnaire design-for market research, political polls, and social and health questionnaires (Revised ed.), San Francisco, CA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004.

64. Nix J., Wolfe S. E., Rojek J., Kaminski R. J. Trust in the police: The influence of procedural justice and perceived collective efficacy, Crime & Delinquency, 2015, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 610–640.

65. Wolfe S. E., Nix J. Police officers’ trust in their agency: Does self-legitimacy protect against supervisor procedural injustice?, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2017, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 717–732.

66. Klockers C. B., Ivkovic S. K., Harver W. E., Haberfield M. R. The measurement of police integrity, National Institute of Justice Research in Brief, 2000, pp. 1–11.

67. Long J. S., Freese J. Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata, 2nd ed., College Station, TX, Stata Press, 2006.

68. Hausman J., McFadden D. Specification tests for the multinomial logit model, Econometrica, 1984, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1219–1240.

69. Reuss-Ianni E. Two cultures of policing: Street cops and management cops, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publishers, 1993.

70. Boateng F. D. Perceived organizational support and police officer effectiveness: Testing the organizational support theory in Ghana, International Criminal Justice Review, 2015, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 134–150.

71. Crow M. S., Lee C., Joo J. Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2012, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 402–423.

72. Carpenter M. Put it in writing: The police policy manual, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 2000, October, pp. 1–5.

73. Geuras D., Garofalo C. Practical ethics in public administration, 3rd ed., Vienna, VA, Management Concepts, 2011.

74. Delattre E. J. Character and cops: Ethics in policing, 6th ed., Washington, DC, The AEI Press, 2011.

75. Stephens N. Law enforcement ethics do not begin when you pin on the badge, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 2006, November, Vol. 75, No. 11, pp. 22–23.

76. Lee M., McGovern A. Force to sell: Policing the image and manufacturing public confidence, Policing & Society, 2013, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 103–124.

77. Maher T. M. Police chiefs’ views on police sexual misconduct, Police Practice and Research, 2008, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 239–250.

78. Skolnick J. H. Corruption and the blue code of silence, Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 2002, Vol. 3, pp. 7–19.

79. Wilson J. Q. Bureaucracy: What government agencies do and why they do it, New York, NY, Basic Books, 2000.

80. Lee H., Vaughn M. S. Organizational factors that contribute to police deadly force liability, Journal of Criminal Justice, 2010, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 193–206.

81. Weisheit R. A., Falcone D. N., Wells L. E. Crime and policing in rural and small-town America, Long Grove, IL, Waveland Press, 2006.

82. Paoline III E. A. Shedding light on police subculture: An examination of officers’ occupational attitudes, Police Quarterly, 2004, Vol. 7, pp. 205–236.

83. Dillman D., Smyth J. D., Christian L. M. Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailed design method, Hoboken, NJ, Wiley, 2014.

84. Berry C. M., Carpenter N. C., Barratt C. L. Do other-reports of counterproductive work behavior provide an incremental contribution over self-reports? A meta-analytic, Journal of Applied Psychology, 2012, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 613–636.

85. Reynolds P., Helfers R. C. Organizational Injustice and Police Misconduct: Predicting Organizational Defiance Among Police Officers, Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 2019, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 53–70.

Цитирование :

Как цитировать русскоязычную версию статьи: Рейнольдс П., Хелферс Р. С. Организационная несправедливость и дисциплинарные нарушения в полиции: предсказание организационных нарушений среди сотрудников полиции // Актуальные проблемы экономики и права. 2019. Т. 13, № 3. С. 1412–1429. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.13.2019.3.1412-1429

Тип статьи : Научная статья

Дата поступления статьи :
10.06.2019

Дата принятия в печать :
12.08.2019

Дата онлайн размещения :
25.09.2019