DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.10.2016.4.126-149

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Восстановительное правосудие как альтернатива уголовным наказаниям – уроки истории

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Цель: анализ истории, становления и развития восстановительного правосудия (медиации).

Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический, сравнительно-правовой, социологический.

Результаты: в статье представлен обзор основных положений и противоречий дискуссии вокруг проблемы восстановительного правосудия (медиации) в Европе и США. Особое внимание уделяется роли жертв и медиаторов. Дискуссия рассматривается через краткое описание истории систем восстановительного правосудия, как государственных, так и общественных, в отношении к нарушениям закона. Реакция на преступления в местных сообществах до образования государств носила преимущественно восстановительный характер с акцентом на возмещение ущерба всех сторон, решение социальных проблем и укрепление сообщества в целом.

Научная новизна: в статье впервые обосновано, что медиация первоначально возникла с целью помощи потерпевшим, она предлагала им возможность найти какое-то решение после опыта виктимизации, а также получить возмещение ущерба. Со временем исследования отчетливо показали, что этой цели можно достичь лишь при условии профессионального подхода. Большинство потерпевших высказывают мнение, что они выиграли от участия в медиации; что они получили возможность преодолеть эмоциональный и материальный вред, нанесенный преступлением, в большей степени, чем при традиционном уголовном процессе.

 

Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной и педагогической деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов о сущности, содержании и функционировании восстановительного правосудия (медиации).

Ключевые слова :

уголовное право; восстановительное правосудие; медиация; карательное правосудие; местное правосудие; исламское право

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Цитирование :

Кульман А., Кури Х. Восстановительное правосудие как альтернатива уголовным наказаниям – уроки истории // Актуальные проблемы экономики и права. 2016. Т. 10, № 4. С. 126–149. DOI: 10.21202/1993-047X.10.2016.4.126-149

Тип статьи : Научная статья

Дата поступления статьи :
24.10.2016

Дата принятия в печать :
30.11.2016

Дата онлайн размещения :
29.12.2016